In recent years, cities have consolidated their position as major players on the international scene. Yet, their ambition to project themselves internationally and to influence global agendas is not a new phenomenon. Cities have operated as organized networks for decades. The first international organization of cities, the International Union of Local Authorities (IULA), was created in 1913. Towards the end of the past century, the regional integration processes of the 1990s rung in a proliferation of city networks, especially in Europe (but also in Latin America, Africa and Asia). In 2004, the founding of United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) as a platform for international municipalism marked a turning point. 

Since then, city networks have played an important role in defining and implementing some of the main global agendas. Today, their involvement in the COP (Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC), their success in adding a territorial dimension to the 2030 Agenda, or their participation in the Steering Committee of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation, are good examples of how city networks are making their voice heard. They have achieved that new measures aimed at tackling global challenges take into account their needs, interests and aspirations. While much remains to be done, cities have gained a seat at the global table. 

However, at the same time, the growing prominence of the urban question in international agendas has caused a reconfiguration of the ecosystem of city networks that is not always coherent. Multiple platforms have emerged that promote initiatives related to cities and that try to engage with traditional international actors, especially governments and international organizations, but also civil society and the private and knowledge sectors. 

This reconfiguration of the ecosystem of city networks brings with it both risks and opportunities, especially for traditional networks that until recently occupied this space almost exclusively. The risks are tied to the diffusion of efforts and the lack of complementarity and coordination; all of which potentially translate into communication problems with the international organizations behind the major global agendas. However, these diverse efforts to promote the international presence of cities also harbour opportunities in that they open up spaces that foster alliances with different actors that are central to promoting better urban policies. 

The seminar seeks to analyse the changing dynamics of the ecosystem of city networks during the past years, focusing on how the main platforms operate, what influence they have on global agendas, what services they provide to their partners and how they coordinate their efforts. By zooming in on the strategies that networks have been developing to enhance their influence and make their operations more effective, the seminar will examine in more detail the added value they provide. In short, the objective is to identify the challenges and opportunities posed by the reconfiguration of the traditional ecosystem of city networks as a result of the increasing centrality of the urban question; a centrality that is in part explained by the effectiveness of the work of traditional networks in recent years.